Informative Speech Crohn s Disease - 761 Words

Informative Speech (Crohn’s Disease) General Purpose: To inform the audience about what Crohn’s Disease Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Crohn’s Disease and give them a better understanding of what it is. Introduction I was a 14 year old freshman in high school when I started getting sick. I was always a pretty healthy kid who had perfect attendance records UNTIL that year. The extreme fatigue and weight-loss was the main sign to my mom that something was seriously wrong. Around January of 2010 I had a colonoscopy to confirm what my doctor already believed. I have Crohn’s Disease. Body I. Main point: What is Crohn’s Disease? A. Crohn’s Disease was named after Dr. Burrill B. Crohn who first described the disease in 1932.†¦show more content†¦2. Raw fruits and vegetables; the fiber may irritate and inflame the lining of the colon. 3. Spicy Food! This one bothers a lot of Crohn’s patients but I personally can eat most mild foods in moderation and be fine. 4. Fried Foods. Grease is extremely hard on the intestines and with irritate it really fast. 5. Caffeine can irritate some patients colon lining and cause a flare up (when I was first diagnosed

Europe after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic...

Europe after the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of its classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religious and political structures caused total havoc for over thirty years; and in England, the Presbyterians thought that the English Anglican Church too closely resembled the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was the major cause of the widespread†¦show more content†¦Everything was being destroyed, weather different houses, churches, businesses, and even schools. When the fighting subsided, the economy of France, especially its commerce, was shattered, leaving it vulnerable and extremely weak. Power was one of the most necessary ingredients towards the prospe rity of their governments, and became more important to the countrys well being and future. The thirty years war was yet another example of religious strife in Europe. Rudolf II the ruler of Bohemia tolerated Protestants in his country, but his successor Ferdinand II did not and pushed the work of the counter reformation. The Bohemians rebelled, and Ferdinand exiled and executed them. They were told to register and sell their property and leave within fourteen days to prevent further trouble and embarrassment. (Dietrich). When the truce between Spain and the Dutch ended, fighting in Germany and the Netherlands resumed. Ferdinand then issued the Edict of Nantes (which he would later suspend due to opposition by nobles), which gave Catholics back all their land that the Protestants had taken. France then entered the war, seizing the opportunity to attack their opposing Catholic power, the Hapsburgs. They also attacked Ferdinand. One third of Germanys total population was killed, but this was not theShow MoreRelatedCounter Reformation And The Counter Reformation849 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic Encyclopedia published an article about Catholic Reformation, and it wrote that â€Å"Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was bothRead MoreThe Catholic Reformation And The Jewish Torah1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Catholic Reformation. However, whether this reformation can be simply called the Catholic Reformation is a question that needs to be adressed. The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter Reformation, was the period of Catholic revival that began with the Council of Trent and ended at the close of the Thirty Years War. The Counter Reformation was initiated in response t o the Protestant Reformation. I believe that the Catholic Reformation would be better described as the Counter ReformationRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious movement that took place in the Western church. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effect, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Without the changes caused by the Renaissance during the fifteenth century, the Reformation would not have been possible (Haigh). Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII challenged the Catholic churchRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Why the Protestant Reformation is considered a significant development in the Christian Church. The Protestant Reformation was an event which occurred within the Catholic Church during the 16th century. This Reformation was prompted by Martin Luther’s ‘95 theses’ which were a list of 95 criticisms towards the church. The Reformation formed another branch of Christianity called Protestantism which is comprised of many different Christian denominations including AnglicanRead MoreThe Decline Of The Protestant Reformation1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Protestant Reformation was a religious act in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of many new churches. It effected spiritual thought, philosophy, political work, and the economies of several countries all around the world. The effects of the Reformation can still be felt in modern times. Stimulated by a devout and renowned German Monk, Martin Luther, this reformation sent shockwaves throughout Europe and played a significantRead MoreChanges Brought on By the Renaissance Period Essay534 Words   |  3 Pagescentury Europe was a time of religious and social change. It was a time of new art, architecture, and literature through the Renaissance and new discoveries through the scientific revolution. The 16th century also brought about great change in religion through the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation of the 16th century greatly changed individual freedoms, indivi dual liberties, and the influence of religion. The start of the Protestant ReformationRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Words   |  4 Pageswhat his works taught. The Protestant Reformation was a movement during the 16th century, which aimed to reform some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was led by a German monk named Martin Luther and was further modified by John Calvin, a French theologian and Henry VIII, the king of England. The ideas bought forward by these individuals started the Protestant Reformation, which triggered wars, prosecutions and the Counter-Reformation. Martin Luther was responsibleRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that disintegrated Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that differ from Catholic Church and in future triggered wars and fights and persecutions. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, Thomas Muntzer, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s practices, such as â€Å"indulgence† and â€Å"enoughRead MoreThe Art Of Reformation By Martin Luther985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Reformation The year 1517 is claimed by Christianity to be the original spark of a reformation that changed the face of the most prevalent religion in the western world, beginning in Germany and soon enveloping the known world in an upheaval of beliefs and values. However, due to the fact that Protestant faiths became their own religious, social and political powers, the correct term for this movement would not be ‘reformation’ but in fact ‘revolution’. The so-called Protestant Reformation’sRead MoreCatholic Reformation Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesa new sect of Christianity. This process was not calm or peaceful in the slightest. Protestant leaders like Martin Luther and John Calvin fiercely attacked and denied traditional Catholic beliefs, causing much controversy and debate upon religion. Many regions of Europe as a whole were converted to Protestantism, and many more Protestants emerged in areas where Catholicism remained the state religion. The Catholic faith became less and less appealing to people as the abuses of the clergy were now

Mary Barton Free Essays

Elizabeth Gaskell’s â€Å"Mary Barton† is a novel of social reform that explores injustice, abuse and inequality. The novel is especially concerned with the societal condition of England at the time. In her â€Å"Preface† Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Barton or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gaskell asserted, â€Å"I know nothing of Political Economy, or the theories of the trade. I have tried to write truthfully†. The â€Å"truth† of â€Å"Mary Barton† is not political or economic but the truth of the human heart. The novel is not about industrial conditions but about people living in those conditions. Mrs. Gaskell’s social aim in writing is to inform rather than to reform. Her aim in writing is to give â€Å"utterance to the agony† and to explicate the consequences of â€Å"the seeming injustice of the inequalities of fortune†. In â€Å"Mary Barton†, the protagonist John Barton asks with bitter vehemence about the injustice of the massive gulf between the upper and lower classes: â€Å"Why are they so separate, so distinct, when God has made them all? [†¦ ] We are their slaves as long as we can work; we pile up fortunes with the sweat of our brows; and yet we are to live as separate as Dives and Lazarus, with a great gulf betwixt us†. John Barton is ultimately driven to the act of murder by his outrage at the gulf fixed between the rich and the poor. John Barton is ultimately a victim of society and an example of how a man full of human kindness is hardened into hatred and violence. As the author tells the reader his wife’s death meant that â€Å"one of the ties which bound him down to the gentle humanities of earth was loosened†. The string of events that followed – the strike, the Davenports’ starvation and fever, the employees’ arrogant isolation and the failure of the petition, seem to purposely show that the world reckons the poor folk no account. And as John Barton lies on his deathbed his enemy Mr. Carson sits in his library quite unable to hate his son’s murderer. At the end Mr. Carson forgives John Barton and the murderer dies in the arms of the man whose son he has murdered and this image explicates the novel’s pivotal theme in the hope of human heartedness. In her novel Mrs. Gaskell presents men and women at the extreme of suffering at which point only the most radical of human actions remain be they despair and hatred or alternatively human compassion and forgiveness. How to cite Mary Barton, Papers

Nestles Growth Strategy free essay sample

Nestle is one of the oldest multinational businesses in the world. It was founded by Heinrich Nestle in 1866 in Switzerland. At first they distributed â€Å"milk food† which comprised of powdered milk, baked food and sugar. Due to the size of Switzerland and the limited opportunities, Nestle was forced to look at other countries for growth opportunities. In 1905 they merged with Anglo Swiss and added condensed milk and baby formulas to their product line. Nestle’s long term investment policy became evident when they built milk and infant food processing plants in the USA and Britain in the late 19th century and in Australia, South America, Africa and Asia in the first 3 decades of the 20th century. In 1929 they acquired a Swiss chocolate maker and expanded into the chocolate business. Nestle then developed Nescafe, the world’s first soluble coffee drink which revolutionised the food and beverage industry. After World War 2, further acquisitions were made in the food business which cemented Nestle as a major player in the food production industry. They have 500 factories in 76 countries and their products are sold in 194 countries which is nearly every country in the world. In 1998 Nestle sales were at SWF 72 billion ($ 51 billion), but only 1% occurred in Switzerland and similarly only 3% of its 210 000 employees are located in Switzerland. Nestle was the leading manufacturer of infant formula, powdered milk, chocolates, instant coffee, soups and mineral waters and number two in ice-cream, breakfast cereals and pet food. Although Nestle had achieved fantastic growth and profitability through the acquisitions of other companies and also through the development of innovative products via its Research and Development (RD) division, they realized that in order for the company to continue to grow, other strategies would have to be explored. New markets needed to found and more innovative products needed to be developed to suit these markets. Nestle also employed novel approaches in their staffing policy and management structure and elevated the importance of its sustainability priorities. The following pages will describe the journey taken by Nestle and more importantly whether, the new strategies and innovations have been successful. Introduction Although Nestle was successful, they were concerned with maintaining their growth rates. The developed markets of Europe and North America were saturated and Nestle knew that they would soon lose their market share due to increased competition from other multi-nationals with diverse but similar product lines such as Heinz, Kraft and ConAgra. Price wars would diminish profits as retailers would play manufactures off against one another thus driving prices down. Consumers were also moving away from larger scale manufactured brands and moving towards nationwide supermarkets and discount stores who introduced their own private brands. In response Nestle began to focus on the emerging markets of Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America to sustain and increase their growth rates. The governments of these developing nations adopted market oriented policies which presented attractive business opportunities which a multinational company like Nestle could not ignore. There was also an economic and population growth in these developing nations that Nestle could exploit. Although these countries were still poor their economies were growing rapidly, which in turn would increase consumer income. Historical precedence has shown that once consumers start to earn more they tend to substitute their basic foodstuffs for branded items such as those manufactured by Nestle. This was the market opportunity that Nestle was interested in. Nestle also decided that long term investments with innovative advertising were worth the effort and financial outlay as the rewards were going to be substantial. They also decided to use local skills and ingredients to customize products for their local markets. Their RD was producing innovative items to suit the countries that they were targeting. Their management structure was also innovative as they focused on a decentralized organisation where the local units were responsible for most of the day to day decision making. Nestle supplemented these local units by sending experienced managers to provide operational assistance. The company is further organised into 7 strategic business units (SBU) that are responsible for certain products and all the high level strategic decisions and business developments for that product. Nestle also has 5 regional organisations representing five major geographical zones that assist with the overall development process. In addition Nestle’s integration of sustainability considerations in their core operations both locally and globally was a strategic and successful manoeuvre. The responses in the following pages, to the 4 posed questions, illustrate that the strategy used by Nestle was indeed successful for its growth. Question 1 Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth on emerging markets? Why Yes it does make sense for the reasons listed below. Firstly Nestle faced a growing challenge in maintaining its growth rate in the current markets that it was involved in. The population growth had stagnated whilst the population growth was predicted and expected in the emerging markets. The current developed markets were becoming saturated and there was increased competition from rival companies. The emergence of nationwide supermarkets and chain stores allowed for the emergence of private label brands, which only increased the price competition. This resulted in retailers bargaining down the price of goods which meant smaller profit margins for the manufactures and also lower rate of production. The emerging markets in Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America presented the opportunity for growth for Nestle. Although these countries are poor, their economies were growing rapidly. Nestle saw this as an opportunity to achieve higher growth returns and a bigger market share in the long term. Another reason that the emerging markets looked so promising was the governments of these countries were pursuing market-oriented economic policies resulting in attractive business opportunities. If we take into consideration that if the current economic growth occurs, income levels will rise and consumers will want to use branded foodstuff instead of local items thus creating huge opportunities for companies such as Nestle. Another reason why this strategy makes sense is that by entering the markets before their competitors, Nestle could build a brand name and reputation and be in a favourable position. They also concentrated on selling basic food items and focused on a few strategic brands. This narrow market focus allowed Nestle to be the brand leader in the markets of emerging economies. As the consumer income and brand confidence levels increased Nestle began introducing their more upscale products and thus cementing their brands in the markets. Nestle did not want their â€Å"global brands† in the emerging markets. Instead they concentrated their efforts on optimizing the local market for their ingredients and processing technology and also a brand name that locals were comfortable with. The amount of local content in their products, I believe made Nestle so successful in emerging markets. Question 2 What is the company’s strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets? Does this strategy make sense? Yes, the strategy used by Nestle makes sense and judging by their success worldwide this strategy works. They use their RD division to great advantage and their focus on long term investments is very successful. The customizing of products to suit local markets is a great strategy that benefits both Nestle and the local market. Nestle strategy was to enter the emerging markets early and build a substantial and commanding position before their competitors. This was a calculated risk as consumers could easily reject their product in favour of local ones. However Nestle ingrained themselves into the market by using local ingredients and local processing technology. Nestle customized a product for the local market rather than introducing a global brand. They also offered affordable products of high quality to meet the emerging market needs. Another business strategy that Nestle employed was to initially focus on a limited number of products in the markets. Once they had developed a strong position with these products in the market and the spending power of the locals increased, Nestle than introduced their more upscale products like mineral water and prepared foods. Nestle also puts sustainability before profitability by investing in infrastructure that is required, like in China and Nigeria. Although it may seem like a costly undertaking the long term benefits will be sustainable and substantial. Once again this type of investment benefits both the local market and Nestle. People in the local market remember these actions and Nestle has created brand loyalty within this market. Nestle’s strategy of investing early in emerging economies, building sustainable business, improving infrastructure and customizing products to suit local needs with a strong emphasis on local ingredients and local processing methods is proving to be a great success. Question 3 From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively? Nestle needs to continue to focus on long term investments, where sustainability rather than profitability if the focus. Long term investments may seem expensive but by creating a sustainable product, Nestle profits are guaranteed. When there is long term investment in an economy, the local population tend to remember the investing company and thus product and brand loyalty is created. The other requirement needed for this strategy to work is Nestle needs to continue to invest in its RD division. Nestle needs to ensure that they stay ahead of their competitors by producing innovative products to suit the emerging market’s needs. They also need to ensure that their productions of these products are both fast and efficient as well as of a high quality. Nestle must also continue to customize products to suit the emerging market rather than introducing global brands. The continued use of local ingredients and processing methods is also critical to the success of this strategy. Another requirement for this strategy to work effectively is for Nestle to continue to keep local staff when an acquisition is made. The locals tend to have a better understanding of the market and Nestle can send in their senior managers who have the experience and knowledge to assist the local teams with production planning and other aspects that the locals may need assistance with. Nestle can also continue to train the local managers at their facility in Switzerland where the Nestle culture and strategy is shared with them. Question 4 Is Nestle’s management structure and philosophy aligned with its overall strategic posture? Nestle management structure is aligned with its overall strategic posture. Just as Nestle tends to customize products to suit local markets, they also make the local units responsible for operating, pricing marketing and distribution decisions. Staffing and human resources are also left to the responsibility of the local units. The company is also organized into seven worldwide strategic business units (SBU) that focus on high level strategic decisions and business developments. The SBU are also responsible for acquisitions and market entry strategy. Each SBU has its own product or products to focus on. For example while one SBU focuses on coffee and beverages another one will focus on ice cream and confectionery. This strategy allows for all the products under the Nestle umbrella to be equally developed. The importance of the SBU is underlined by the fact that in the past two year nearly two thirds of Nestle’s growth has come from acquisitions. Running in parallel to the SBU structure Nestle has divided the world into five major geographical sites like Europe, Asia and North America. The regional teams focus is on the overall development process. We can thus say Nestle is a decentralized organisation with the local, SBU and regional teams all having their own focus area to expand and develop but all integrating into the overall Nestle strategy. At times this sort of segregated management structure fails, like it did in Japan. The SBU was not convinced that the cold canned coffee was worth the investment and did not allow for their RD team to develop a product to suit the local market. Nestle at that time was the dominant instant coffee brand in Japan. This mistake allowed Coca Cola to enter the market and capture 40% of a $4 billion a year market. Nestle only entered the market in 1980 and hold only 4 % of the cold canned coffee market in Japan. This is one instance where the SBU did not take the advice of Nestle’s local partner, but these mistakes are the exception rather than the rule. For the most part the decentralized management structure that Nestle employs works very successfully for them. To ensure that its worldwide operations are in synergy, Nestle makes use of what it calls its â€Å"expatriate army†. This army consists of 700 managers who spend their time on foreign assignments. They assist local teams with their various abilities, be it planning, finance etc. and their drive. They also tend to propagate the Nestle culture and strategy. Nestle also uses management development programs to create managers that pull people together consistently and persistently in the pursuit of Nestle strategies and culture. For managers to have a better understand of the Nestle’s way, they are brought in various stages of their career to be developed. This is the type of long term investment that Nestle has for its people, which is similar to the long term investment that Nestle employs in emerging markets. Just as Nestle decided that investment in emerging markets is critical for its growth, investment in its people is just as critical. Although the local, SBU and regional teams tend to focus on their own responsibilities and goals, the management development program ingrains the Nestle culture and strategy. In addition, Nestle realised the importance of sustainable practices to drive its growth. It identified three areas of priority: accessible and affordable nutrition, water management and resource protection and supporting rural development, recognising that their growth strategy became redundant without elevating these areas. Nestle then focussed its operation in ensuring that these priorities are achieved in a number of initiatives through their Nestle Health Science institute and other joint ventures to ensure that they integrated a holistic consumer-centric approach in relation to health and nutrition. This reinforces the company’s corporate culture that in addition to complying with legal requirements, they have to ensure their activities are sustainable and create significant value for society. This is referred to as Creating Share Value in-house. Conclusion Nestle’s growth strategy underpinned by its innovative and sustainability priorities is a fantastic success. Their foray into the emerging market and economies has grown and continues to grow the company. The benefits are not only for Nestle, but the country that they invest in. Nestle also invests in local people and provide vital skills and training. Nestle’s focus on developing sustainable products with sustainable practices in the emerging markets has endeared themselves to the local market ensuring support where it counts most – the bottom line. Although there were certain â€Å"failures† like in Japan, where a SBU did not heed the advice of the local unit, the success Nestle achieved in other countries out-weighs these hiccups. I believe that Nestle has learned from this mistake and moved on. Their training programmes are second to none and the Nestle culture and strategy is shared with managers to pass on. In my opinion Nestle can be used as a blue print for other companies to use, if they want to succeed. The focus on the emerging market coupled with an innovative management structure as well world class training methods together with a cutting edge RD division has allowed Nestle in my opinion to be the leaders in their field.